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Intel Corporation , commonly known as Intel , is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara , California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, [3] [4] and is one of the developers of the x86 series of instruction sets, the instruction sets found in most personal computers PCs.
Incorporated in Delaware , [5] Intel ranked No. Intel supplies microprocessors for computer system manufacturers such as Acer , Lenovo , HP , and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets , network interface controllers and integrated circuits , flash memory , graphics chips , embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. Intel int egrated and el ectronics was founded on July 18, , by semiconductor pioneers Gordon Moore of Moore's law and Robert Noyce — , and is associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove.
Intel was a key component of the rise of Silicon Valley as a high-tech center. Noyce was a key inventor of the integrated circuit microchip. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in , it was not until the success of the personal computer PC that this became its primary business.
During the s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period, Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs and was known for aggressive and anti-competitive tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against Advanced Micro Devices AMD , as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry.
According to IDC , while Intel enjoyed the biggest market share in both the overall worldwide PC microprocessor market Intel's market share decreased significantly in the enthusiast market as of , [20] and they have faced delays for their 10 nm products. According to former Intel CEO Bob Swan, the delay was caused by the company's overly aggressive strategy for moving to its next node. In the s, Intel was among the top ten sellers of semiconductors 10th in in the world. It was part of the "Win-Tel" personal computer domination in the 's and early 's.
In , Intel became the biggest chip maker by revenue and held the position until when it was surpassed by Samsung, but Intel returned to its former position the year after. The only major competitor in the x86 processor market is AMD, with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time. Some smaller competitors such as VIA Technologies produce low-power x86 processors for small factor computers and portable equipment.
However, the advent of such mobile computing devices, in particular, smartphones , has in recent years led to a decline in PC sales. Intel has been involved in several disputes regarding violation of antitrust laws , which are noted below. Moore known for " Moore's law " , a chemist , and Robert Noyce , a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated circuit. Arthur Rock investor and venture capitalist helped them find investors, while Max Palevsky was on the board from an early stage.
Rock was not an employee, but he was an investor and was chairman of the board. In deciding on a name, Moore and Noyce quickly rejected "Moore Noyce", [36] near homophone for "more noise" — an ill-suited name for an electronics company, since noise in electronics is usually undesirable and typically associated with bad interference. Instead, they founded the company as NM Electronics or MN Electronics on July 18, , but by the end of the month had changed the name to Intel which stood for Int egrated El ectronics.
At its founding, Intel was distinguished by its ability to make logic circuits using semiconductor devices. The founders' goal was the semiconductor memory market, widely predicted to replace magnetic-core memory. Its first product, a quick entry into the small, high-speed memory market in , was the Schottky TTL bipolar bit static random-access memory SRAM , which was nearly twice as fast as earlier Schottky diode implementations by Fairchild and the Electrotechnical Laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan.
While the was a significant advance, its complex static cell structure made it too slow and costly for mainframe memories. The three- transistor cell implemented in the first commercially available dynamic random-access memory DRAM , the released in , solved these issues. The was the bestselling semiconductor memory chip in the world by , as it replaced core memory in many applications.
Intel created the first commercially available microprocessor Intel in Considerable technological innovation was needed before the microprocessor could actually become the basis of what was first known as a "mini computer" and then known as a "personal computer".
Intel opened its first international manufacturing facility in , in Malaysia , which would host multiple Intel operations, before opening assembly facilities and semiconductor plants in Singapore and Jerusalem in the early s, and manufacturing and development centres in China, India and Costa Rica in the s.
However, increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had, by , dramatically reduced the profitability of this market. The growing success of the IBM personal computer, based on an Intel microprocessor, was among factors that convinced Gordon Moore CEO since to shift the company's focus to microprocessors and to change fundamental aspects of that business model.
Moore's decision to sole-source Intel's chip played into the company's continuing success. By the end of the s, buoyed by its fortuitous position as microprocessor supplier to IBM and IBM's competitors within the rapidly growing personal computer market , Intel embarked on a year period of unprecedented growth as the primary and most profitable hardware supplier to the PC industry, part of the winning 'Wintel' combination.
Moore handed over to Andy Grove in By launching its Intel Inside marketing campaign in , Intel was able to associate brand loyalty with consumer selection, so that by the end of the s, its line of Pentium processors had become a household name. After , growth in demand for high-end microprocessors slowed.
Competitors, notably AMD Intel's largest competitor in its primary x86 architecture market , garnered significant market share, initially in low-end and mid-range processors but ultimately across the product range, and Intel's dominant position in its core market was greatly reduced, [53] mostly due to controversial NetBurst microarchitecture.
In the early s then-CEO, Craig Barrett attempted to diversify the company's business beyond semiconductors, but few of these activities were ultimately successful. Intel had also for a number of years been embroiled in litigation.
US law did not initially recognize intellectual property rights related to microprocessor topology circuit layouts , until the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of , a law sought by Intel and the Semiconductor Industry Association SIA.
In and , AMD brought further claims against Intel related to unfair competition. In , CEO Paul Otellini reorganized the company to refocus its core processor and chipset business on platforms enterprise, digital home, digital health, and mobility.
In , Intel unveiled its Core microarchitecture to widespread critical acclaim; the product range was perceived as an exceptional leap in processor performance that at a stroke regained much of its leadership of the field.
Later that year, Intel released a processor with the Nehalem architecture to positive reception. On June 27, , the sale of Intel's XScale assets was announced. The move was intended to permit Intel to focus its resources on its core x86 and server businesses, and the acquisition completed on November 9, In , Intel spun off key assets of a solar startup business effort to form an independent company, SpectraWatt Inc.
In , SpectraWatt filed for bankruptcy. In December , Intel announced that it reorganized several of its business units into a new mobile and communications group [71] that would be responsible for the company's smartphone, tablet, and wireless efforts.
Intel planned to introduce Medfield — a processor for tablets and smartphones — to the market in , as an effort to compete with ARM. In January , Google announced Android 2. In , Intel cut thousands of employees in response to "evolving market trends", [78] and offered to subsidize manufacturers for the extra costs involved in using Intel chips in their tablets.
Finding itself with excess fab capacity after the failure of the Ultrabook to gain market traction and with PC sales declining, in Intel reached a foundry agreement to produce chips for Altera using nm process.
General Manager of Intel's custom foundry division Sunit Rikhi indicated that Intel would pursue further such deals in the future.
Only Achronix began shipping chips made by Intel using the nm Tri-Gate process. The foundry business was closed in due to Intel's issues with its manufacturing. Intel continued its tick-tock model of a microarchitecture change followed by a die shrink until the 6th generation Core family based on the Skylake microarchitecture. This model was deprecated in , with the release of the seventh generation Core family codenamed Kaby Lake , ushering in the process—architecture—optimization model.
As Intel struggled to shrink their process node from 14 nm to 10 nm , processor development slowed down and the company continued to use the Skylake microarchitecture until , albeit with optimizations. While Intel originally planned to introduce 10 nm products in , it later became apparent that there were manufacturing issues with the node. Despite rumors of the process being cancelled, [98] Intel finally introduced mass-produced 10 nm 10th generation Intel Core mobile processors codenamed " Ice Lake " in September Intel later acknowledged that their strategy to shrink to 10 nm was too aggressive.
In early January , it was reported that all Intel processors made since , [] excluding Intel Itanium and pre Intel Atom processors, have been subject to two security flaws dubbed Meltdown and Spectre. On March 15, , Intel reported that it will redesign its CPUs to protect against the Spectre security vulnerability , will release the redesigned processors later in Due to Intel's issues with its 10 nm process node and the company's slow processor development, [21] the company now found itself in a market with intense competition.
Since its introduction, AMD, once unable to compete with Intel in the high-end CPU market, has undergone a resurgence, [] and Intel's dominance and market share have considerably decreased. The transition is expected to affect Intel minimally; however, it might prompt other PC manufacturers to reevaluate their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture. Other plans for the company include a partnership with IBM and a new event for developers and engineers, called "Intel ON".
In January , Intel reportedly selected New Albany, Ohio , near Columbus, Ohio , as the site for a major new manufacturing facility. Groundbreaking is planned for , while production start is planned for Including subcontractors this would create Originally developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a number of ASICs in a calculator already produced by Busicom, the Intel was introduced to the mass market on November 15, , though the microprocessor did not become the core of Intel's business until the mids.
Note: Intel is usually given credit with Texas Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor. In , at the dawn of the personal computer era, Intel's profits came under increased pressure from Japanese memory-chip manufacturers, and then-president Andy Grove focused the company on microprocessors.
Grove described this transition in the book Only the Paranoid Survive. A key element of his plan was the notion, then considered radical, of becoming the single source for successors to the popular microprocessor. Until then, the manufacture of complex integrated circuits was not reliable enough for customers to depend on a single supplier, but Grove began producing processors in three geographically distinct factories, [ which?
Despite the ultimate importance of the microprocessor, the and its successors the and the were never major revenue contributors at Intel. As the next processor, the and its variant the was completed in , Intel embarked on a major marketing and sales campaign for that chip nicknamed "Operation Crush", and intended to win as many customers for the processor as possible.
One design win was the newly created IBM PC division, though the importance of this was not fully realized at the time. IBM introduced its personal computer in , and it was rapidly successful. Compaq , the first IBM PC "clone" manufacturer, produced a desktop system based on the faster processor in and in quickly followed with the first -based system, beating IBM and establishing a competitive market for PC-compatible systems and setting up Intel as a key component supplier.
In , the company had started a project to develop a highly advanced bit microprocessor, finally released in as the Intel iAPX The project was too ambitious and the processor was never able to meet its performance objectives, and it failed in the marketplace. Intel extended the x86 architecture to 32 bits instead. During this period Andrew Grove dramatically redirected the company, closing much of its DRAM business and directing resources to the microprocessor business.
Of perhaps greater importance was his decision to "single-source" the microprocessor. Prior to this, microprocessor manufacturing was in its infancy, and manufacturing problems frequently reduced or stopped production, interrupting supplies to customers. To mitigate this risk, these customers typically insisted that multiple manufacturers produce chips they could use to ensure a consistent supply.
The and series microprocessors were produced by several companies, notably AMD, with which Intel had a technology-sharing contract. Grove made the decision not to license the design to other manufacturers, instead, producing it in three geographically distinct factories: Santa Clara , California; Hillsboro , Oregon; and Chandler , a suburb of Phoenix , Arizona.
He convinced customers that this would ensure consistent delivery. In doing this, Intel breached its contract with AMD, which sued and was paid millions of dollars in damages but could not manufacture new Intel CPU designs any longer.
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This page is for personal, non-commercial use. We get it. Ads can be annoying. But ads are also how we keep the garage doors open and the lights on here at Autoblog - and keep our stories free for you and for everyone. And free is good, right? If you'd be so kind as to allow our site, we promise to keep bringing you great content. Thanks for that. And thanks for reading Autoblog. We notice you're using an ad blocker. Please consider allowing Autoblog. Allow Us! Due to Intel's issues with its 10 nm process node and the company's slow processor development, [21] the company now found itself in a market with intense competition.
Since its introduction, AMD, once unable to compete with Intel in the high-end CPU market, has undergone a resurgence, [] and Intel's dominance and market share have considerably decreased. The transition is expected to affect Intel minimally; however, it might prompt other PC manufacturers to reevaluate their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture. Other plans for the company include a partnership with IBM and a new event for developers and engineers, called "Intel ON".
In January , Intel reportedly selected New Albany, Ohio , near Columbus, Ohio , as the site for a major new manufacturing facility. Groundbreaking is planned for , while production start is planned for Including subcontractors this would create Originally developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a number of ASICs in a calculator already produced by Busicom, the Intel was introduced to the mass market on November 15, , though the microprocessor did not become the core of Intel's business until the mids.
Note: Intel is usually given credit with Texas Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor. In , at the dawn of the personal computer era, Intel's profits came under increased pressure from Japanese memory-chip manufacturers, and then-president Andy Grove focused the company on microprocessors. Grove described this transition in the book Only the Paranoid Survive. A key element of his plan was the notion, then considered radical, of becoming the single source for successors to the popular microprocessor.
Until then, the manufacture of complex integrated circuits was not reliable enough for customers to depend on a single supplier, but Grove began producing processors in three geographically distinct factories, [ which? Despite the ultimate importance of the microprocessor, the and its successors the and the were never major revenue contributors at Intel. As the next processor, the and its variant the was completed in , Intel embarked on a major marketing and sales campaign for that chip nicknamed "Operation Crush", and intended to win as many customers for the processor as possible.
One design win was the newly created IBM PC division, though the importance of this was not fully realized at the time. IBM introduced its personal computer in , and it was rapidly successful.
Compaq , the first IBM PC "clone" manufacturer, produced a desktop system based on the faster processor in and in quickly followed with the first -based system, beating IBM and establishing a competitive market for PC-compatible systems and setting up Intel as a key component supplier.
In , the company had started a project to develop a highly advanced bit microprocessor, finally released in as the Intel iAPX The project was too ambitious and the processor was never able to meet its performance objectives, and it failed in the marketplace. Intel extended the x86 architecture to 32 bits instead. During this period Andrew Grove dramatically redirected the company, closing much of its DRAM business and directing resources to the microprocessor business.
Of perhaps greater importance was his decision to "single-source" the microprocessor. Prior to this, microprocessor manufacturing was in its infancy, and manufacturing problems frequently reduced or stopped production, interrupting supplies to customers.
To mitigate this risk, these customers typically insisted that multiple manufacturers produce chips they could use to ensure a consistent supply. The and series microprocessors were produced by several companies, notably AMD, with which Intel had a technology-sharing contract. Grove made the decision not to license the design to other manufacturers, instead, producing it in three geographically distinct factories: Santa Clara , California; Hillsboro , Oregon; and Chandler , a suburb of Phoenix , Arizona.
He convinced customers that this would ensure consistent delivery. In doing this, Intel breached its contract with AMD, which sued and was paid millions of dollars in damages but could not manufacture new Intel CPU designs any longer. Instead, AMD started to develop and manufacture its own competing x86 designs. As the success of Compaq's Deskpro established the as the dominant CPU choice, Intel achieved a position of near-exclusive dominance as its supplier.
Profits from this funded rapid development of both higher-performance chip designs and higher-performance manufacturing capabilities, propelling Intel to a position of unquestioned leadership by the early s.
Intel introduced the microprocessor in , and in established a second design team, designing the processors code-named " P5 " and " P6 " in parallel and committing to a major new processor every two years, versus the four or more years such designs had previously taken.
Engineers Vinod Dham and Rajeev Chandrasekhar Member of Parliament, India were key figures on the core team that invented the chip and later, Intel's signature Pentium chip. The P5 project was earlier known as "Operation Bicycle," referring to the cycles of the processor through two parallel execution pipelines.
The P5 was introduced in as the Intel Pentium , substituting a registered trademark name for the former part number numbers, such as , cannot be legally registered as trademarks in the United States. The Santa Clara design team embarked in on a successor to the x86 architecture , codenamed "P7". The first attempt was dropped a year later but quickly revived in a cooperative program with Hewlett-Packard engineers, though Intel soon took over primary design responsibility.
The resulting implementation of the IA bit architecture was the Itanium , finally introduced in June The Itanium's performance running legacy x86 code did not meet expectations, and it failed to compete effectively with x , which was AMD's bit extension of the bit x86 architecture Intel uses the name Intel 64 , previously EM64T. In , Intel announced that the Itanium series Kittson would be the last Itanium chips produced. The Hillsboro team designed the Willamette processors initially code-named P68 , which were marketed as the Pentium 4.
During this period, Intel undertook two major supporting advertising campaigns. The first campaign, the "Intel Inside" marketing and branding campaign, is widely known and has become synonymous with Intel itself. The idea of " ingredient branding " was new at the time, with only NutraSweet and a few others making attempts to do so. The second campaign, Intel's Systems Group, which began in the early s, showcased manufacturing of PC motherboards , the main board component of a personal computer, and the one into which the processor CPU and memory RAM chips are plugged.
Shortly after, Intel began manufacturing fully configured " white box " systems for the dozens of PC clone companies that rapidly sprang up. IAL's software efforts met with a more mixed fate; its video and graphics software was important in the development of software digital video, [ citation needed ] but later its efforts were largely overshadowed by competition from Microsoft.
Microsoft Corp. In June , Intel engineers discovered a flaw in the floating-point math subsection of the P5 Pentium microprocessor. Under certain data-dependent conditions, the low-order bits of the result of a floating-point division would be incorrect.
The error could compound in subsequent calculations. Intel corrected the error in a future chip revision, and under public pressure it issued a total recall and replaced the defective Pentium CPUs which were limited to some 60, 66, 75, 90, and MHz models [] on customer request.
He contacted Intel but received no response. On October 30, he posted a message about his finding on the Internet. The bug was easy to replicate; a user could enter specific numbers into the calculator on the operating system.
Consequently, many users did not accept Intel's statements that the error was minor and "not even an erratum. Intel changed its position and offered to replace every chip, quickly putting in place a large end-user support organization.
Nicely later learned that Intel had discovered the FDIV bug in its own testing a few months before him but had decided not to inform customers. The "Pentium flaw" incident, Intel's response to it, and the surrounding media coverage propelled Intel from being a technology supplier generally unknown to most computer users to a household name.
Dovetailing with an uptick in the "Intel Inside" campaign, the episode is considered to have been a positive event for Intel, changing some of its business practices to be more end-user focused and generating substantial public awareness, while avoiding a lasting negative impression.
The Intel Core line originated from the original Core brand, with the release of the bit Yonah CPU , Intel's first dual-core mobile low-power processor.
Derived from the Pentium M , the processor family used an enhanced version of the P6 microarchitecture. Its successor, the Core 2 family, was released on July 27, This was based on the Intel Core microarchitecture , and was a bit design.
In November , Intel released the first generation Core processors based on the Nehalem microarchitecture. Intel also introduced a new naming scheme, with the three variants now named Core i3, i5, and i7 as well as i9 from 7th generation onwards.
Unlike the previous naming scheme, these names no longer correspond to specific technical features. It was succeeded by the Westmere microarchitecture in , with a die shrink to 32 nm and included Intel HD Graphics. In , Intel released the Sandy Bridge -based 2nd generation Core processor family.
This model was deprecated in , with the release of the seventh generation Core family based on Kaby Lake , ushering in the process—architecture—optimization model. Ice Lake, based on the Sunny Cove microarchitecture, was produced on the 10 nm process and was limited to low-power mobile processors. Both Amber Lake and Comet Lake were based on a refined 14 nm node, with the latter being used for desktop and high performance mobile products and the former used for low-power mobile products.
In September , 11th generation Core mobile processors, codenamed Tiger Lake , were launched. All 11th generation Core processors feature new integrated graphics based on the Intel Xe microarchitecture.
Both desktop and mobile products are set to be unified under a single process node with the release of 12th generation Intel Core processors codenamed " Alder Lake " in late In early January , it was reported that all Intel processors made since [] [] besides Intel Itanium and pre Intel Atom have been subject to two security flaws dubbed Meltdown and Spectre. The impact on performance resulting from software patches is "workload-dependent". Several procedures to help protect home computers and related devices from the Spectre and Meltdown security vulnerabilities have been published.
On March 15, , Intel reported that it will redesign its CPUs performance losses to be determined to protect against the Spectre security vulnerability , and expects to release the newly redesigned processors later in On May 3, , eight additional Spectre-class flaws were reported.
Intel reported that they are preparing new patches to mitigate these flaws. They reported that previously released microcode updates, along with new, pre-release microcode updates can be used to mitigate these flaws. On January 18, , Intel disclosed three new vulnerabilities affecting all Intel CPUs, named "Fallout", "RIDL", and "ZombieLoad", allowing a program to read information recently written, read data in the line-fill buffers and load ports, and leak information from other processes and virtual machines.
Despite Apple's use of Intel products, relations between the two companies were strained at times. However, Apple's shift to their own chips might prompt other PC manufacturers to reassess their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture. The Intel Scientific Computers division was founded in by Justin Rattner , to design and produce parallel computers based on Intel microprocessors connected in hypercube internetwork topology.
In November , Intel revealed that it is going to use light beams to speed up supercomputers. Intel is one of the biggest stakeholders in the self-driving car industry, having joined the race in mid [] after joining forces with Mobileye.
Safety levels of the technology, the thought of abandoning control to a machine, and psychological comfort of passengers in such situations were the major discussion topics initially. The commuters also stated that they did not want to see everything the car was doing.
This was primarily a referral to the auto-steering wheel with no one sitting in the driving seat. Intel also learned that voice control regulator is vital, and the interface between the humans and machine eases the discomfort condition, and brings some sense of control back. By the end of the s, microprocessor performance had outstripped software demand for that CPU power. Aside from high-end server systems and software, whose demand dropped with the end of the " dot-com bubble ", consumer systems ran effectively on increasingly low-cost systems after Intel's strategy of producing ever-more-powerful processors and obsoleting their predecessors stumbled, [ citation needed ] leaving an opportunity for rapid gains by competitors, notably AMD.
This, in turn, lowered the profitability [ citation needed ] of the processor line and ended an era of unprecedented dominance of the PC hardware by Intel. Intel's dominance in the x86 microprocessor market led to numerous charges of antitrust violations over the years, including FTC investigations in both the late s and in , and civil actions such as the suit by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC and a patent suit by Intergraph.
Intel's market dominance at one time [ when? A case of industrial espionage arose in that involved both Intel and AMD. Gaede was convicted and sentenced to 33 months in prison in June Andy Grove became the company's president in and added the CEO title in when Moore became chairman.
In , Grove succeeded Moore as chairman, and Craig Barrett , already company president, took over. Grove stepped down as chairman but is retained as a special adviser. In May , Barrett stepped down as chairman of the board and was succeeded by Jane Shaw. In November , president and CEO Paul Otellini announced that he would step down in May at the age of 62, three years before the company's mandatory retirement age.
During a six-month transition period, Intel's board of directors commenced a search process for the next CEO, in which it considered both internal managers and external candidates such as Sanjay Jha and Patrick Gelsinger.
Reportedly, the board concluded that an insider could proceed with the role and exert an impact more quickly, without the need to learn Intel's processes, and Krzanich was selected on such a basis. The board was described by former Financial Times journalist Tom Foremski as "an exemplary example of corporate governance of the highest order" and received a rating of ten from GovernanceMetrics International, a form of recognition that has only been awarded to twenty-one other corporate boards worldwide.
On June 21, , Intel announced the resignation of Brian Krzanich as CEO, with the exposure of a relationship he had with an employee. Gelsinger is a former Intel chief technology officer who had previously been head of VMWare. As of March 25, []. Intel has a mandatory retirement policy for its CEOs when they reach age Grove retired as chairman and as a member of the board of directors in at age Intel's headquarters are located in Santa Clara, California, and the company has operations around the world.
Its largest workforce concentration anywhere is in Washington County, Oregon [] in the Portland metropolitan area 's " Silicon Forest " , with 18, employees at several facilities. In Oregon, Intel is the state's largest private employer. As a condition, Intel would employ 1, more workers in Kiryat Gat and between and workers in the north. In January , it was reported that Intel would cut about 5, jobs from its work force of , The announcement was made a day after it reported earnings that missed analyst targets.
The plan calls for continued investment in existing and new Intel plants until As of [update] , Intel employs 10, workers at four development centers and two production plants in Israel. Due to declining PC sales, in Intel cut 12, jobs. Intel has a Diversity Initiative, including employee diversity groups as well as supplier diversity programs. In , Intel sanctioned one of the earliest corporate Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender employee groups, [] and supports a Muslim employees group, [] a Jewish employees group, [] and a Bible-based Christian group.
In addition, the company is frequently named one of the Best Companies for Working Mothers by Working Mother magazine. For US employees in technical roles, the mix was reported as Intel has been operating in the State of Israel since Dov Frohman founded the Israeli branch of the company in in a small office in Haifa. Intel Israel currently has development centers in Haifa, Jerusalem and Petah Tikva , and has a manufacturing plant in the Kiryat Gat industrial park that develops and manufactures microprocessors and communications products.
Intel employed about 10, employees in Israel in In October , Intel reached a deal to acquire Telmap , an Israeli-based navigation software company. In July , Intel confirmed the acquisition of Omek Interactive , an Israeli company that makes technology for gesture-based interfaces, without disclosing the monetary value of the deal.
An official statement from Intel read: "The acquisition of Omek Interactive will help increase Intel's capabilities in the delivery of more immersive perceptual computing experiences. The acquisition of a Spanish natural language recognition startup, Indisys was announced in September The terms of the deal were not disclosed but an email from an Intel representative stated: "Intel has acquired Indisys, a privately held company based in Seville, Spain.
The majority of Indisys employees joined Intel. We signed the agreement to acquire the company on May 31 and the deal has been completed. In December , Intel bought PasswordBox. In February , Intel announced its agreement to purchase German network chipmaker Lantiq, to aid in its expansion of its range of chips in devices with Internet connection capability. In October , Intel bought cognitive computing company Saffron Technology for an undisclosed price. In December , Intel acquired computer vision startup Movidius for an undisclosed price.
The new investment will expand the operations of its Malaysian subsidiary across Penang and Kulim, creating more than 4, new Intel jobs and more than 5, local construction jobs. In December , Intel announced its plan to take Mobileye automotive unit via an IPO of newly issued stock in , maintaining its majority ownership of the company.
In May , Intel announced that they have acquired Finnish graphics technology firm Siru innovations. In May , it was announced that Ericsson and Intel, are pooling research and development to create high-performing Cloud RAN solutions. The organisations have pooled to launch a tech hub in California, USA. The hub focuses on the benefits that Ericsson Cloud RAN and Intel technology can bring to: improving energy efficiency and network performance, reducing time to market, and monetizing new business opportunities such as enterprise applications.
In , Intel Capital announced a new fund to support startups working on technologies in line with the company's concept for next generation notebooks. The ultrabook is defined as a thin less than 0. Intel has a significant participation in the open source communities since Intel also runs the LessWatts.
Linspire - Linux creator Michael Robertson outlined the difficult position that Intel was in releasing to open source , as Intel did not want to upset their large customer Microsoft.
Intel has also supported other open source projects such as Blender [] and Open 3D Engine. In its history, Intel has had three logos. The first Intel logo featured the company's name stylized in all lowercase, with the letter e dropped below the other letters.
The second logo was inspired by the "Intel Inside" campaign, featuring a swirl around the Intel brand name. The third logo, introduced in , was inspired by the previous logos. It removes the swirl as well as the classic blue color in almost all parts of the logo, except for the dot in the "i".
Intel has become one of the world's most recognizable computer brands following its long-running Intel Inside campaign. The idea for "Intel Inside" came out of a meeting between Intel and one of the major computer resellers, MicroAge. In the late s, Intel's market share was being seriously eroded by upstart competitors such as Advanced Micro Devices now AMD , Zilog, and others who had started to sell their less expensive microprocessors to computer manufacturers.
This was because, by using cheaper processors, manufacturers could make cheaper computers and gain more market share in an increasingly price-sensitive market. MicroAge had become one of the largest distributors of Compaq, IBM, HP, and others and thus was a primary — although indirect — driver of demand for microprocessors.
Intel wanted MicroAge to petition its computer suppliers to favor Intel chips. However, Mion felt that the marketplace should decide which processors they wanted.
Intel's counterargument was that it would be too difficult to educate PC buyers on why Intel microprocessors were worth paying more for. Mion felt that the public didn't really need to fully understand why Intel chips were better, they just needed to feel they were better. So Mion proposed a market test. Intel would pay for a MicroAge billboard somewhere saying, "If you're buying a personal computer, make sure it has Intel inside. To make the test easier to monitor, Mion decided to do the test in Boulder, Colorado, where it had a single store.
Virtually overnight, the sales of personal computers in that store dramatically shifted to Intel-based PCs. Intel very quickly adopted "Intel Inside" as its primary branding and rolled it out worldwide. Several months later, "The Computer Inside" incorporated the Japan idea to become "Intel Inside" which eventually elevated to the worldwide branding campaign in , by Intel marketing manager Dennis Carter.
The Intel Inside advertising campaign sought public brand loyalty and awareness of Intel processors in consumer computers. In , Intel planned to shift the emphasis of its Intel Inside campaign from traditional media such as television and print to newer media such as the Internet. It was modified in to coincide with the launch of the Pentium III, although it overlapped with the version which was phased out in Advertisements for products featuring Intel processors with prominent MMX branding featured a version of the jingle with an embellishment shining sound after the final note.
The sonic logo was remade a second time in to coincide with the new logo change. Again, it overlapped with the version and was not mainstreamed until the launch of the Core processors in , with the melody unchanged. Another remake of the sonic logo is set to debut with Intel's new visual identity. In , Intel expanded its promotion of open specification platforms beyond Centrino , to include the Viiv media center PC and the business desktop Intel vPro.
In mid-January , Intel announced that they were dropping the long running Pentium name from their processors. The Pentium name was first used to refer to the P5 core Intel processors and was done to comply with court rulings that prevent the trademarking of a string of numbers, so competitors could not just call their processor the same name, as had been done with the prior and processors both of which had copies manufactured by IBM and AMD.
They phased out the Pentium names from mobile processors first, when the new Yonah chips, branded Core Solo and Core Duo, were released. The desktop processors changed when the Core 2 line of processors were released. By , Intel was using a good-better-best strategy with Celeron being good, Pentium better, and the Intel Core family representing the best the company has to offer. According to spokesman Bill Calder, Intel has maintained only the Celeron brand, the Atom brand for netbooks and the vPro lineup for businesses.
Since late , Intel's mainstream processors have been called Celeron, Pentium, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, and Core i9 in order of performance from lowest to highest. The first generation core products carry a 3 digit name, such as i5 , and the second generation products carry a 4 digit name, such as the i5 In both cases, a K at the end of it shows that it is an unlocked processor, enabling additional overclocking abilities for instance, K. Previously, Intel used Helvetica as its standard typeface in corporate marketing.
Intel Clear is a global font announced in designed for to be used across all communications. In , as part of a new visual identity, a new typeface, Intel One, was designed. It replaced Intel Clear as the font used by the company in most of its branding, however, it is used alongside Intel Clear typeface. However, it is still used to mark processor type and socket on the packaging of Intel's processors.
It is a book produced by Red Peak Branding as part of new brand identity campaign, celebrating Intel's achievements while setting the new standard for what Intel looks, feels and sounds like. In October , a Transmeta lawsuit was filed against Intel for patent infringement on computer architecture and power efficiency technologies.
Both companies agreed to drop lawsuits against each other, while Intel was granted a perpetual non-exclusive license to use current and future patented Transmeta technologies in its chips for 10 years. In a rebuttal, Intel deconstructed AMD's offensive strategy and argued that AMD struggled largely as a result of its own bad business decisions, including underinvestment in essential manufacturing capacity and excessive reliance on contracting out chip foundries.
On November 4, , New York's attorney general filed an antitrust lawsuit against Intel Corp, claiming the company used "illegal threats and collusion" to dominate the market for computer microprocessors. An antitrust lawsuit [] and a class-action suit relating to cold calling employees of other companies has been settled.
The commission ordered Intel to eliminate discounts that had discriminated against AMD. To avoid a trial, Intel agreed to comply with the order. In February , Intel announced that its office in Munich had been raided by European Union regulators. Intel reported that it was cooperating with investigators.
In September , South Korean regulators accused Intel of breaking antitrust law. The investigation began in February , when officials raided Intel's South Korean offices. New York started an investigation of Intel in January on whether the company violated antitrust laws in pricing and sales of its microprocessors. In November , following a two-year investigation, New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo sued Intel, accusing them of bribery and coercion, claiming that Intel bribed computer makers to buy more of their chips than those of their rivals and threatened to withdraw these payments if the computer makers were perceived as working too closely with its competitors.
Intel has denied these claims. On July 22, , Dell agreed to a settlement with the U. In particular, the SEC charged that from to , Dell had an agreement with Intel to receive rebates in exchange for not using chips manufactured by AMD.
These substantial rebates were not disclosed to investors, but were used to help meet investor expectations regarding the company's financial performance; "These exclusivity payments grew from 10 percent of Dell's operating income in FY to 38 percent in FY , and peaked at 76 percent in the first quarter of FY Intel has been accused by some residents of Rio Rancho, New Mexico of allowing volatile organic compounds VOCs to be released in excess of their pollution permit.
One resident claimed that a release of 1. Another resident alleges that Intel was responsible for the release of other VOCs from their Rio Rancho site and that a necropsy of lung tissue from two deceased dogs in the area indicated trace amounts of toluene , hexane , ethylbenzene , and xylene isomers, [] all of which are solvents used in industrial settings but also commonly found in gasoline , retail paint thinners and retail solvents.
During a sub-committee meeting of the New Mexico Environment Improvement Board, a resident claimed that Intel's own reports documented more than 1, pounds kg of VOCs were released in June and July Intel's environmental performance is published annually in their corporate responsibility report.
In , Intel announced that it planned to undertake an effort to remove conflict resources —materials sourced from mines whose profits are used to fund armed militant groups, particularly within the Democratic Republic of the Congo —from its supply chain. Intel sought conflict-free sources of the precious metals common to electronics from within the country, using a system of first- and third-party audits, as well as input from the Enough Project and other organizations.
During a keynote address at Consumer Electronics Show , Intel CEO at the time, Brian Krzanich, announced that the company's microprocessors would henceforth be conflict free. In , Intel stated that it had expected its entire supply chain to be conflict-free by the end of the year. In its rankings on the progress of consumer electronics companies relating to conflict minerals , the Enough Project rated Intel the best of 24 companies, calling it a "Pioneer of progress".
Intel has faced complaints of age discrimination in firing and layoffs. Intel was sued in by nine former employees, over allegations that they were laid off because they were over the age of FACE Intel claims that more than 90 percent of people who have been laid off or fired from Intel are over the age of Upside magazine requested data from Intel breaking out its hiring and firing by age, but the company declined to provide any.
Intel had reportedly been paying taxes as a non-air-conditioned office, when the campus in fact had central air conditioning. Other factors, such as land acquisition and construction improvements, added to the tax burden. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. American multinational corporation and technology company.
This article is about the company. For the information gathering term, see Intelligence assessment. For other uses, see Intel disambiguation. Traded as. Semiconductors Computer hardware Autonomous cars Automation Artificial intelligence.
Gordon Moore Robert Noyce. Santa Clara, California. Operating income. Net income. Mobileye Intel Ireland. For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Intel. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Main article: Intel Core. Main article: Transient execution CPU vulnerability.
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